等比句

　　句型［主语（主体）+谓语+as+形容词/副词+as+被比对象］

　　1.    He is as tall as I (am).  2. This window is just as wide as that one.

　　3.  This is just as good an example as the other.  4. Does John work as hard as Henry?

　　5.  We have accomplished as much in the past three years as would have taken ten years in the past.

　　[注] 如果形容词后有一个单数可数名词, 不定冠词应置于名词之前形容词后, 如：He is as poor a speaker as I.

　　句型［主语+谓语+no more形容词//副词（或no +形容词/副词比较级）+than+被比对象］

　　1.    She is no less diligent than her elder sister. 2. One minute too late is no more in time than half an hour.

　　3.  The food on the ship was no better than on any other ship on which Billy had sailed.

　　4.  We too have a head and two hands and are no stupider than others.

　　5.  China's women, no less than men, are participating in all kinds of work in the socialist construction of their country.

　　[注] 如果两个主语相比，谓语动词应与前一个保持一致关系。如： He no less than you is (不是are) diligent.

　　[附注] 表示等比的还有以下一些方式：

　　1) "…be equal to+被比对象"如：A dingle day is equal to twenty years.   In strength, he is equal to me.

　　2) "…be worth+被比对象" 如：An inch of time is worth an inch of gold.  A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush

　　3) 用其他词语表达：Three early mornings will make a day. Only he in our class can cope with you in knowledge of English.

　　差比句

　　句型［主语+谓语+形容词比较级/ 副词比较级+(名词)+than+被比对象］

　　1.    Too much help is sometimes worse than no help.

　　2.    Facts speak louder than eloquence. (Actions speak louder than words.)

　　3.    Our room is a little larger than theirs and it has more furniture in it.

　　4.    Light does not travel at the same speed through all materials; it goes slower through some than through others.

　　[注] 这种形容词组合还可以作定语，置于名词之后。如：It feeds on worms and other fish smaller than itself.

　　句型［主语+谓语+more/less+形容词原级/副词+than+被比对象］

　　1.    This book is more interesting than that one.

　　2.    He is more attentive in class now than he was last term.

　　3.    It's less cold than it was yesterday.

　　4.    He works more regularly than you do.

　　5.    The new edition is less expensive than the old one.

　　[注1] 使用比较级要注意两点：

　　1) 不要使用双重比较级， 如：(误) His younger brother was more stronger than he.

　　(正) His younger brother was much stronger than he.  His younger brother was stronger than he.

　　2) 不要使用无比较对象的孤立的比较级。如：(误) We saw many smaller houses on both sides of the river.

　　(正) We saw many small houses on both sides of the river.

　　(正) We saw many houses smaller than usual on both sides of the river.

　　[注2] 比较级前可加一些增强语气的词，如：much, even, still, a little (bit), slightly, far , any, no, a lot 等。

　　My room is a little (bit) smaller than hers.  Eighteen is much less than eighty.

　　[注3] 如果表示"因…而更…" 可用句型 the+比较级+for (或because, as等词)，

　　如： I like him all the better for his faults.       I do not like him the less because he has faults.

　　He is none the happier for his wealth.   A good tale is none the worse for being twice told.

　　句型［主语+谓语+not so/not as+形容词原级/副词+as+被比对象］

　　1.    Tom is not so tall as his brother. (Tom is less tall than his brother.)

　　2.    Mr. Green is not so old as he looks.  3. It isn't as cold as it was yesterday.

　　4.  John doesn't work so hard as Henry.

　　5.  Dawney answered slowly: "Never so happy as when my hands are full.

　　句型［主语+谓语+以or结尾的形容词比较级+to+被比对象］

　　1.    His strength is superior to (=greater than) mine.  2. My knowledge is inferior to (=less than) his.

　　3.  Is your father senior to mine? My father is junior to yours.

　　4.  His arrival in New York is posterior to that of my friend.

　　5.  Colored people are by no means inferior to white people.

　　句型［被比对象(第一分句暗示某种程度)+主体(第二分句含比较级)］

　　1.    I caught the last bus from town; but Harry came home even later. (He came home later than I.)

　　2.    The Long March is great, but the New Long March will be greater, and more arduous.

　　3.    Dear as are father and mother, the motherland is still dearer.

　　4.    One of my suitcases is small, and the other one is medium.

　　句型［主语+谓语+absolute superiority over+被比对象］

　　［主语+谓语+above/ next to+被比对象］ ［主语+can't compare with+被比对象］

　　1.    The socialist system has demonstrated absolute superiority over the capitalist one.

　　2.    The price of wisdom is above rubies.  3. We love truth above everything else.

　　4.  As long as men live, water will continue to be what it is today - next in importance to oxygen.

　　5.  Next to the Yangtze, the Yellow River is the second longest river in our country.

　　6.  It is worth next to nothing.  7. How could Napoleon compare with Lenin?

　　8.  The situation of the enemy cannot compare with ours.

　　[附注] 关于等差句有以下几点需要注意：

　　1)    句型16 "not to speak of" 等词组也可用以表示差比, 如: Even a worm, when trodden on, will turn, not to speak of a man outraged.

　　2)    former, latter, elder等形容词, 词尾虽然是比较级形式, 但它们永远不用于比较句中, 也不能跟than, 如： He will come here in the latter part of year.

　　3)    等差既可以指出相差的数目, (用by+数词表示) 也可以指出相差的范围, 如: of +名词, with regard to, in point of, with respect to, with reference to, with relation to, in the sphere of, in the field of等等。例句:  She is the more patient of the two.   In point of commerce, Shanghai is more prosperous than Nanjing.   With reference to territory, China is larger than America.

　　4)    有些语句的词序变动较大阅读和翻译时要弄清其结构。如：Easier said than done. (=It is easier to be said than to be done.)  In science, more than in any other human institution, it is necessary to search out the past in order to understand the present and to control the future. (= It is more necessary in science than in any other human institution to search out…)

　　有时一个词的原级和比较级在一同结构的句中会产生不同的意义，如：If he was ten years old, he would understand it. ≠ If he was ten years older, he would understand it.

　　5)    要注意避免不合理的比较。如：（误）The face of his father looks older than his uncle.

　　（正） The face of his father looks older than that of his uncle.  His father's face looks older than his uncle's.

　　极比句

　　句型［…the 形容词最高级/ 副词最高级+(名词)+范围词…］

　　1.    This is the easiest book I've ever read.  2. Mrs. Thomson works hardest of all.

　　3.  Dictionaries are like watches; the worst is better than none, and the best cannot be expected to go quite true.  4. It is our greatest happiness to dedicate our youth to the New Long March.

　　5.  The least means shall be used to achieve the greatest end.  6. Which of the boys studies best?

　　句型［…the most/ least形容词原级/副词+(名词)+范围词…］

　　1.    She is the most active girl in our class.  2. You're the one who writes the most correctly.

　　3.  "How is your watch?" - "My watch goes the most accurately."

　　4.  The most short-sighted man could see that at a glance, with his naked eyes," said Martin.

　　5.  Light waves travel most quickly through air, they go much slower through water and even slower through glass.

　　[注1] "best of all" 表示肯定的最; "least of all" 表示否定的最， 如： I like swimming best of all.

　　I like that least of all.  The least用作最高级时，往往被其后面的形容词的反义词的最高级所取代。如: This is the most difficult (不用the least easy) book I've ever read. This is the most uninteresting (很少用the least interesting) book of the three.