独立主格结构是一种复合结构，在句中作状语。独立主格结构中，名词或代词同其后的分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等在逻辑上有主谓关系。

　　I.构成类型

　　(1)名词/代词+分词：

　　It being Sunday，you needn’t go to work.

　　This done，he locked the door and went home.

　　(2)名词/代词+不定式：

　　I send you today three-fourths of the sum，the rest to follow within a month.

　　The children were watching the magic trick，their eyes wide open.

　　(4)名词/代词+副词：

　　School over，the students ran out of the class.

　　We came out of the classroom，hand in hand.。

　　(1)时间状语：

　　All the members having arrived，the meeting was declared open.

　　The report having been read, a lively discussion began.

　　With a lot problem solved，the manage left the office.

　　(2)原因状语：

　　There being no bus.we had to walk home.

　　so many people being absent，the meeting had to be called off.

　　The murderer was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back.

　　He sat in front row，his mouth open，his head thrust forward so as to miss any word.

　　(4)方式、伴随状语：

　　With the tree growing tall，we got more shade.

　　The murder was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.

　　He sat in front row，his mouth half open, his head thrust forward so not to miss any word.

　　(5)对比, 补充说明：

　　We went shopping，he reading in the bed.

　　We a11 went home, he remaining behind.

　　The two boys gathered their gear and headed for home, stomachs crying fro food, backs burning from too much sun, and legs stiffening from sitting.