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　　Fewer cars not cleaner ones key to tackling air quality

　　使用电动汽车就能减少空气中颗粒物污染吗?

　　Plans to promote electric vehicles in the UK do not go far enough to tackle air pollution, according to a leading government adviser.

　　英国政府一名首席顾问表示，在英国推广电动汽车的计划还不足以解决空气污染问题。

　　Writing in the Guardian, Prof Frank Kelly said fewer cars, not just cleaner ones, were the key to cleaner air.

　　在《卫报》上，弗兰克.凯利教授说，不仅仅是更环保的汽车，我们需要减少汽车的使用，这才是是的空气清洁的关键。

　　Prof Kelly said that London should lead the way in promoting non-polluting transport policies.

　　凯利教授表示，伦敦应该在促进无污染运交通输政策方面发挥带头作用。

　　Just last week the government unveiled its strategy for tackling illegal levels of nitrogen dioxide in the air.

　　就在上周，政府公布了解决空气中二氧化氮超标的解决办法。

　　The key element was a promise to end the sale of all new diesel and petrol cars from 2040.

　　关键因素是在2040年停止所有使用柴油和汽油的汽车的销售。

　　But according to Frank Kelly, who is professor of environmental health at Kings College London, and chair of the government advisory committee on the medical effects of air pollutants, these steps would not go far enough.

　　不过，伦敦国王学院环境健康教授、政府空气污染物医疗效果咨询委员会主席弗兰克?凯利表示，这些措施还远远不够。

　　"Our cities need fewer cars, not just cleaner cars," Prof Kelly writes.

　　“我们需要减少汽车数量，而不仅仅是更清洁的汽车，”凯利教授写道。

　　"One issue is that electric vehicles will not sufficiently reduce particulate matter (PM), the other toxic pollutant emitted by road transport.

　　“其中一个问题是，电动汽车不能充分减少颗粒物含量(PM)，这是汽车所排放的有毒污染物。”

　　"This is because PM components include not only engine emissions, but also a contribution from brake and tyre wear and road surface abrasion," he added.

　　“因为颗粒物不仅由发动机排放产生，还包括刹车和轮胎及路面磨损导致颗粒物的增加。”他补充道。

　　The government has focussed on dealing with nitrogen dioxide because of consistent breaches of legal limits in many areas of the country.

　　由于在该国许多地区违规排放，政府已将重点放在二氧化氮的处理上。

　　According to the Royal College of Physicians the early deaths of around 29,000 people in the UK each year are linked to particle pollution, which is more than the 23,500 premature deaths attributed to nitrogen dioxide.

　　根据英国皇家医师学会的数据，英国每年约有29000人的死亡与颗粒物污染有关，多于二氧化氮造成的寿命缩短的人数，有23500人。

　　The combined total is estimated to be around 40,000 as some people are harmed by both pollutants.

　　据估计，这两种污染物的总排放量将影响约4万人。

　　"Electric vehicles have a role to play in tackling air pollution but they are not the only solution," said lawyer Anna Heslop.

　　“电动汽车在解决空气污染问题上发挥了作用，但它们并不是唯一的解决方案，”律师安娜.赫斯洛普说。

　　"What we need, and what the government has so far failed to deliver, is a comprehensive plan to bring down air pollution in the UK."

　　“我们需要的，也是政府迄今未能做到的，就是一个全面的计划来治理英国的空气污染问题。”

　　Prof Kelly believes that attitudes towards cars are changing rapidly, with younger Londoners in particular opting for car club membership and ride-sharing apps instead of buying a car.

　　凯利教授认为，人们对汽车的态度正在发生很大的改变，尤其是年轻人选择了加入汽车俱乐部，使用一些拼车的应用，而不是买车。

　　There should be "as much active transport in the form of walking and cycling as is feasibly possible," he says.

　　他说:“人们应该更主动地选择步行和骑自行车，这是有利于环境治理的。”

　　The Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, has already committed the city to a future of fewer car journeys, aiming to cut the number by three million per day from 2041.

　　伦敦市长萨迪克.汗已经承诺将致力于减少使用汽车的时间，目标是从2041年起每天减少300万人次。

　　"Leaving the car at home must be the affordable, safest and most convenient option for Londoners going about their daily lives," Mr Khan said.

　　“把汽车留在家里一定是伦敦人日常生活中最实惠、最安全、最方便的选择，”汗说。

　　"This is not only essential for dealing with congestion as London grows, but crucial for reducing our toxic air pollution, and improving the health of all Londoners."

　　“这不仅是解决伦敦日益增长的交通拥堵问题的关键，也是解决我们空气污染问题、改善伦敦人健康状况的关键。”