综合写作

　　在秘鲁有一些神秘的Nazca line images,古代秘鲁很大的地面标志，于是讨论了他的三个可能用途。

　　阅读文章：

　　1. 天文学用途：astronomical calendar, 发现有一些images 和planets and stars 有关系，而且还有可能记录了冬至

　　2. 艺术用途： monumental art form, 用来炫耀自己的culture之类的，show their power and achievements,就像金字塔一样

　　3. foot trace:一种史前人类的racing，提到这个脚印（footrace and footprint），古人沿着这个走比赛

　　听力文章

　　1. 文章提到的那几个和天体有关的天文事件大部分不符（vastly not match），偶尔有符合的也是出于巧合(by chance)。把lines和天上的星星作比较，大部分都不符。因为数量太多有巧合。

　　2. 这些Nazca Lines size很大，只有在很高的地方（above high level）才能看到全景，感到impressive。在地平面上看一点都不impressive。而金字塔不仅大而且高。最关键的是地面有看不见，所以肯定不适用做这个目的的。

　　3. travelling可以用更好的方式标记，比如树。最后教授总结说这个可能是用作庆祝用的。而脚印（foot prints）有可能是小猫小狗的image。而且教授说更可能是用来ritual, religious ceremonies which included walking，因为以前那些人们有那种习俗。有一些蜘蛛类的图案太复杂，根本没法沿着这个走。

　　独立写作

　　此题为三选一

　　What is the most important action for the government to take for the protection of environmental problems? Fund researches on new energy sources such as solar and wind power? Protect forests and natural wildlife species? Pass and enforce laws to reduce the pollution.

　　三选一类题目会给出三个选项A, B, C让学生去选择一个。这种题的答题方法为开头段-正文段第一段B好-正文段第二段B的另一个优点-正文段第三段B比A好/A的缺点和B比C好/C的缺点-结尾段。

　　The statement above attempts to assert whether funding on environmental friendly resources, preserving wildlife species, or enforcing laws to be the most crucial way to protect the environment has long been centered in dispute. Too often people hold the idea inventing new energy resources and passing laws could be effective ways to eradicate environmental related issues. However, as far as I am concerned protecting plants and animals would be a much more direct and sufficient solution.

　　To the extent that species extinction is the result of anthropogenic events such as direct or indirect human activities and further threaten the delicate balance which all animal including human beings depend upon. Thus protecting the forests and natural wildlife species has the priority to be dealt with. For example, the extinction of the dodo, a flightless bird endemic to the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius, was directly attributable to human activity. As the nature is an intricate matrix of interdependent relationships, in which each species depends on many others for its survival, the dying out of Dodo caused a certain native tree whose seeds dispersed by Dodo, extinct either. Nowadays, many species face the similar circumstance either and it greatly results in human being’s greedy. To make mechanic profit, the underground dealers trade the skin of the Siberian Tiger, and horn of the Tibetan Antelope and the African Elephant, making those animals hardly ensure the preservation. For protecting the balanced ecosystem, human beings should place a very high affirmative duty to protect wildlife species.

　　In addition, many species possess great values to human race, some of which are not realized by human yet, requiring people to protect them without any effort. Thermal insulation and conductive resistance enables latex, extracting from the rubber tree, to be the essential component of industrial products for daily uses, such as rubber gloves and rubber sheath. Not only plants play an important role in industrial field, but works for medical perspective as well, especially function as Chinese herbal medicine. For instance, marijuana provides relief from pain and Lianqiao helps with heat removing. If cutting down most of the rubber trees and herbal species, we will leave limited resources for our future generation. For the reason above, it is essential for human beings contribute more on wildlife species protection to handle environmental resources shortage problems.

　　Admittedly, allocate money on new energy and pass laws to reduce pollution have the merit, however, they are impractical. Take spending on natural energy as an example. On the one threshold, with the technology we have now, the energy sources are not stable and even costly. Wind and solar energy cannot be obtained on a calm and cloudy day. On the other one, they cost the country a lot. I do not deny that wind and solar energy, cleaner energy as they are, would be a wiser choice for developed counties who have money and resources to solve the carbine dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and toxic gases relevant problems and to a great extend release environmental pressure, such as global warming jeopardy. However, when it comes to developing countries, poverty, higher unemployment rate, and high inflation are all problems that developing countries need to worry about. The better solution is to encourage factories to produce more goods and services. To cut down the costs, it is inevitable to produce air and water pollutions. Passing laws and inventing impede the economic growth on a large scale.

　　In sum, considering the financial and practical analyzing, it is safe to conclude that preserve wildlife species is the most important action to protect the natural environment rather than creating new energy and enforcing laws.