Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural andethnic groups they are studying must take extraprecautions to shed any biases they bring with themfrom their own culture. For example, they must makesure they construct measures that are meaningfulfor each of the cultural or ethnic minority groupsbeing studied.

　　In conducting research on cultural and ethnic minority issues, investigators distinguishbetween the emic approach and the etic approach. In the emic approach, the goal is todescribe behavior in one culture or ethnic group in terms that are meaningful and important tothe people in that culture or ethnic group,without regard to other cultures or ethnic groups. Inthe etic approach, the goal is to describe behavior so that generalizations can be made acrosscultures. If researchers construct a questionnaire in an emic fashion, their concern is onlythat the questions are meaningful to the particular culture or ethnic group beingstudied. If.however, the researchers construct a questionnaire in an etic fashion,they want to includequestions that reflet concepts familiar to all cultures involved.

　　How might the emic and etic approaches be reflected in the study of family processes? In theemic approach,the researchers might choose to focus only on middle-class White families,without regard for whether theinformation obtained in the study can be generalized or isappropriate for ethnic minority groups. In a subsequent study. the researchers may decide toadopt an etic approach by studying not only middle-class White families, but also lower-income White families. Black American families, Spanish American families. andAsian Americanfamilies. In studying ethnic minority families, the researchers would likely discover that theextended family is more frequently a, support system in ethnic minority families than in WhiteAmerican families. If so, the emic approach would reveal a different pattern of familyinteraction than would theetic approach, documenting that research with middle-class Whitefamilies cannot always be generalized to all ethnic groups.

　　1. According to the First paragraph.researchersunfamiliar with the target cultures are inclinedto________________.

　　A) be overcautious in constructing meaningfulmeasures

　　B) view them from their own cultural perspective

　　C) guard against interference from their own culture

　　D) accept readily what is alien to their own culture

　　2. What does the author say about the emic approach and the etic approach'?

　　A) They have different research focuses in the study of ethnic issues.

　　B) The former is biased while the latter is objective.

　　C) The former concentrates on the study of culture while the latter on family issues.

　　D) They are both heavily dependent on questionnaires in conducting surveys.

　　3. Compared with the etic approach the emic approach is apparentlymore______________.

　　A) culturally interactive

　　B) culture-oriented

　　C) culturally biased

　　D) culture-specific

　　4. The etic approach is concerned with________________.

　　A) the general characteristics of minority families

　　B) culture-related concepts of individual ethnic groups

　　C) features shared by various cultures or ethnic groups

　　D) the economic conditions of different types of families

5. Which of the following js true of the ethnic minority families in the U.S. according tothe passage'?

　　A) Their cultural patterns are usually more adaptable.

　　B) Their cultural concepts are difficult to comprehend.

　　C) They don't interact with each other so much as White families.

　　D) They have closer family ties than White families.

　　1.根据第一段可知，不熟悉目标文化的研究者容易____________。

　　A) 在构建有意义的方法时过于谨慎

　　B) 从他们自己文化的角度来看待目标文化

　　C)去防止自己的文化对研究造成干扰

　　D)接受跟自己的文化很不同的文化

　　[B]在文章的开篇作者就指出“不熟悉他们所研究的文化和民族的研究者必须非常谨慎.以避免受本民族文化所带来的任何偏见”，也就是说他们必须特别警惕受到本民族文化的干扰。因此可以推断出，这些研究者极易受自身文化所带来的偏见的影响，须特别谨慎才能避免，故选B。注意C说他们倾向于警惕自己的文化偏见，正与原文含义相反。

　　2.关于主位研究方法和客位研究方法，作者是这样说的_____________________。

　　A) 在研究民族事宜的时候，他们的研究重点是不一样的。

　　B) 前者是有偏见的，后者是客观的。

　　C) 前者着眼于文化研究，后者关注家庭事宜。

　　D) 在进行调查研究的时候，两者都高度依赖于问卷调查。

　　[A]文章第2段第2、3句提到“emic approach描述一种文化或民族的行为，该行为只对该文化或民族的人们意义重大;而etic approach描述的则是对各种文化都能起作用的具有普遍意义的行为”由此可推断这两种方法有不同的侧重点。因此A正确。

　　3.相较于客位研究法，主位研究显然更加________________。

　　A) 具有文化互动性

　　B)以文化为导向

　　C) 具有文化偏见

　　D)关注于文化

　　[D]由文章第2段第3句可知，主位研究更针对某个具体文化，答案为D。

　　4.客位研究方法关注于_______________。

　　A) 少数族裔家庭的一般性特点

　　B)各个民族群体的与文化相关的理念

　　C) 不同文化和族裔共同的特点

　　D)不同类型家庭的经济状况

　　[C]文章第2段第3句提到“etic approach描述的是对各种文化都能起作用的具有普遍意义的行为”，所以研究的是共性，选C。

　　5.根据文章所说，以下关于美国的少数民族族裔家庭的哪一种说法是正确的?

　　A) 他们的文化模式通常更加具有适应性。

　　B) 他们的文化理念很难为人所理解。

　　C) 他们不像白人家庭那样喜欢与别人互动。

　　D) 他们的家庭纽带比白人家庭要紧密。

　　[D]文章末段倒数第二句提到“研究者可能会发现与白人家庭相比，少数民族家庭中的大家庭常常是一种相互支撑力量”，由此可得出，D正确。